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significant time periods or specific areas of coverage. Also,
                                           exercise caution to ensure that the site you are using has been
                       Refining search     updated and is not abandoned or in disuse. An abandoned site
                                           may not be reliable, and a lack of updates means you may
                                           need to search for the latest information elsewhere.

                                              For additional  sources, consider  consulting  general  and
                                           specialised  reference works, librarians  and experts in the
                                           field who can guide you to relevant materials. Many online
                     Experts, databases,
                          librarians       bibliographical databases include abstracts of journal articles,
                                           as already mentioned. Individual scholars, universities
                                           or departments,  and professional organisations may have
                                           databases that could be useful for your research.

                                              The scope of your search will vary depending on whether
                                           you are conducting  a short assignment  or a PhD thesis.
                                           Recognising  this  difference  will  help  you  determine  how
                       Research scope      much  time  and  effort  you  should  invest  in  the  literature
                            varies         review. For a PhD thesis, consider browsing through subject-
                                           wise digital repositories of PhD theses maintained by UGC,
                                           universities, and research institutions to ensure no thesis has
                                           been awarded on your intended research topic.

                                              To  find  relevant  works,  you  can  search  through  library
                                           catalogs using keywords, subjects, authors, or a combination
                                           of these. If your institution provides JSTOR access, you can

                      Finding out works    explore  academic  books and scholarly  articles  published
                                           in peer-reviewed journals. JSTOR is a popular site with
                                           many institutions subscribing to it. However, for the latest
                                           articles and books, you may need to search reliable publisher
                                           catalogues of new arrivals, Google Books, or conduct searches
                                           with the names of experts or authorities in your field.

                                              Through  the  snowball  method  of browsing, where one
                                           work and its bibliography lead you to other related works,
                                           you can save time by efficiently browsing online contents,
                                           indexes and relevant  pages for your study.  This approach
                      Snowball method      also helps you avoid unnecessary travel between libraries,
                                           especially when they are located at considerable distances.
                                           By conducting this initial browsing, you can exercise caution
                                           and decide whether to continue with a well-researched and
                                           widely explored topic or opt for a less-explored topic with
                                           limited reference materials or databases.

                                              Once you have identified some relevant books, articles, or
                                           author names, you can visit the library and engage in stack
                                           browsing.  The stack browsing method involves exploring
                                           the  shelves  where  the  identified  materials  are  located,



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